How to read a cross-stitch chart: symbols, grid and key
At first glance a counted chart looks like a puzzle made of signs. Yet it follows a few fixed rules. Once you know them you can stitch any pattern, from a small heart to a large wall piece.
What is a counted chart?
A counted chart is a grid of squares. Each square stands for one cross stitch on the fabric. Nothing is printed on the fabric: you count the squares on the chart and work the same number of stitches on the fabric. Hence the name.
Symbols and the thread key
Every square holds a symbol, often with a colour as well. The symbol tells you which thread to use. The key at the side translates it: symbol, the manufacturer’s thread number, often the colour name and stitch count too. On coloured charts trust the symbol when in doubt, because printed colours can mislead.
- Empty square: nothing is stitched here and the fabric stays visible.
- Line over the grid: a backstitch, usually for outlines and lettering.
- Small symbol in a corner or a divided square: a fractional stitch, that is a half, quarter or three-quarter stitch.
- Dot on an intersection: usually a French knot or a bead.
Grid, ten-by-ten lines and centre arrows
Every tenth line is drawn thicker. This creates blocks of ten by ten squares that are easy to find your way around. Numbers in steps of ten run along the edge. Small arrows at the top and side mark the centre of the chart.
Where do I start?
- Fold the fabric once lengthwise and once crosswise. Where the folds cross is the centre of the fabric.
- Find the point on the chart where the two centre arrows meet.
- Count from there to the nearest square with a symbol and make the first stitch.
Starting in the centre leaves an even margin all round. For large full-coverage pieces many stitchers prefer to start top left. In that case measure the margin carefully beforehand.
Charts with several pages
Large charts are spread over several pages. An overview shows how the pages fit together. Often two or three rows of the neighbouring page are repeated at the edge, usually shaded grey. Stitch those rows only once.
Keeping your place
- Tick off stitched squares or mark them with a highlighter.
- Work colour by colour: first all stitches of one symbol within a block, then the next.
- In the xstitchr stitching editor you tick off stitches on screen and highlight one symbol so that all others fade back.
Frequently asked questions
What do the symbols on a chart mean?
Each symbol stands for one thread colour. The thread key of the pattern tells you which.
How large will the stitched picture be?
That depends on the stitch count and the fabric. On 14 count Aida, 14 stitches make one inch, or about 5.5 stitches one centimetre.
Do I have to start in the centre?
No, but it is the safest way to make sure the design sits centred on the fabric.